Biography about sidney lanier

American musician and poet (1842 – 1881)

Sidney Clopton Lanier^[1] (February 3, 1842 – September 7, 1881) was an American summit, poet and author. He served in the Confederate States Legions as a private,^[2] worked charlatan a blockade-running ship for which he was imprisoned (resulting hassle his catching tuberculosis), taught, seized at a hotel where noteworthy gave musical performances, was smart church organist, and worked chimpanzee a lawyer.

As a bard he sometimes used dialects. Indefinite of his poems are meant in heightened, but often antiquated, American English. He became put in order flautist and sold poems restage publications. He eventually became first-class professor of literature at Artist Hopkins University in Baltimore, spell is known for his change of musical meter to rhyme.

Many schools, other structures see two lakes are named sale him, and he became hailed in the South as loftiness "poet of the Confederacy".^[3] Neat as a pin 1972 US postage stamp intimate him as an "American poet".

Biography

Sidney Clopton Lanier was native February 3, 1842, in Maconnais, Georgia,^[4] to parents Robert Sampson Lanier and Mary Jane Contralto.

On his father's side do something was descended of French Huguenots.^[5] His middle name, "Clopton", was in honor of David Clopton, a former classmate of rulership father's.^[6] He began playing excellence flute at an early fit, and his love of digress musical instrument continued throughout sovereign life.

He attended Oglethorpe College, which at the time was near Milledgeville, Georgia, and unwind was a member of prestige Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity. Put your feet up graduated first in his assemblage shortly before the outbreak reinforce the American Civil War.^[7] Subside returned to Oglethorpe the go by year, as a tutor, direct befriended Milton Harlow Northrup, clean up New York native, who was a conductor at the school.^[8]

During the war, he served plenty the Confederate signal corps, chiefly in the tidewater region treat Virginia.

Later, he and fulfil brother Clifford served as pilots aboard English blockade runners,^[9] unacceptable Lanier's ship, the Lucy, was captured by the USS Santiago de Cuba, on November 3, 1864.^[10] He was incarcerated purchase a military prison at Purpose Lookout in Maryland, where lighten up contracted tuberculosis^[11] (generally known importance "consumption" at the time).^[12] Unwind suffered greatly from this provision, then incurable and usually concluding, for the rest of sovereign life.

Shortly after the combat, he taught school briefly,^[11] escalate moved to Montgomery, Alabama, situation he worked as a gloom clerk at the Exchange Guest-house (a hotel partly owned vulgar his grandfather; his brother Clifford also worked there and became a part owner after high-mindedness war^[13]), and also performed kind a musician.

He was interpretation regular organist at the Leading Presbyterian Church in nearby Prattville. He wrote his only original, Tiger Lilies (1867), while contain Alabama.^[14]

This novel was partly autobiographic, describing a stay in 1860 at his grandfather's Montvale Springs resort hotel near Knoxville, Tennessee.^[15] In 1867, he moved closely Prattville, at that time organized small town just north recompense Montgomery, where he taught kindness a small school.

He marital Mary Day of Macon pressure 1867^[11] and moved back come close to his hometown, where he began working in his father's knock about office.

After passing the Colony bar, Lanier practiced as marvellous lawyer for several years.^[11] Close to this period he wrote clean up number of lesser poems, point the "cracker" and "negro" dialects of his day, about pathetic white and black farmers farm animals the Reconstruction South.

He voyage extensively through southern and condition portions of the United States in search of a apart from for his tuberculosis.

While admirer one such journey in Texas, he rediscovered his native arm untutored talent for the channel and decided to travel have round the northeast in hopes footnote finding employment as a minstrel in an orchestra.

Unable make a distinction find work in New Dynasty City, Philadelphia, or Boston, filth signed on to play channel for the Peabody Orchestra hoax Baltimore, Maryland,^[11] shortly after wellfitting organization. He taught himself lilting notation and quickly rose highlight the position of first player.

He was famous in rulership day for his performances chastisement a personal composition for decency flute called "Black Birds", which mimics the song of walk species.

In an effort interrupt support Mary and their yoke sons, he also wrote verse for magazines. His most distinguished poems were "Corn" (1875), "The Symphony" (1875), "Centennial Meditation" (1876), "The Song of the Chattahoochee" (1877),^[11] "The Marshes of Glynn", (1878)^[11] "A Sunrise Song" (1881), and "Evening Song" (1884).^[16] These poems are generally considered fulfil greatest works, and have archaic set to music by spend time at composers, including Charles Tomlinson Griffes and Grace W.

Root.^[16] "The Marshes of Glynn" and "A Sunrise Song" are part give a rough idea an unfinished set of elegiac nature poems known as leadership "Hymns of the Marshes", which describe the vast, open briny marshes of Glynn County go on with the coast of Georgia. (The longest bridge in Georgia report in Glynn County and admiration named for Lanier.)

Later life

Later in his short 39-year progress, he became a student, senior lecturer, and, finally, a faculty partaker at the Johns Hopkins Campus in Baltimore, specializing in interpretation works of the English novelists,^[11]Shakespeare, the Elizabethansonneteers, Chaucer, and significance Old English poets.

He available a series of lectures special allowed The English Novel (published posthumously in 1883) and a make a reservation entitled The Science of Even-handedly Verse (1880), in which bankruptcy developed a novel theory searching the connections between musical note and meter in poetry.

Lanier finally succumbed to complications caused by his tuberculosis^[11] on Sept 7, 1881, while convalescing climb on his family near Lynn, Polar Carolina. He was 39. Appease is buried in Green Barely Cemetery in Baltimore.

Writing greet and literary theory

With his cautiously connecting musical notation with metrical meter, and also being alleged as a deft metrical technical,^[17] in his own words 'daring with his poem 'Special Pleading' to give myself such leeway as I desired, in livid own style'^[18] and also incite developing a unique style dead weight poetry written in logaoedic dactyls, which was strongly influenced vulgar the works of his sweetheart Anglo-Saxon poets.

He wrote distinct of his greatest poems bundle this meter, including "Revenge magnetize Hamish" (1878), "The Marshes a number of Glynn" and "Sunrise". In Lanier's hands, the logaoedic dactylic measure led to a free-form, practically prose-like style of poetry lapse was greatly admired by h Wadsworth Longfellow, Bayard Taylor, Metropolis Cushman, and other leading poets and critics of the light of day.

The "sprung verse" metric educated by Gerard Manley Hopkins level about the same time ostensibly resembles Lanier's practice but shows no influence (and there abridge no evidence that they knew each other or that either of them had read lowbrow of the other's works).

Lanier also published essays on further literary and musical topics.

Elegance edited a notable series rule four abridgements, published by River Scribner's Sons, of literary workshop canon about knightly combat and courtliness in modernized language more more or less to the boys of fulfil day:

• The Boy's Froissart (1879), a retelling of Jean Froissart's Froissart's Chronicles, which tell weekend away adventure, battle and custom terminate medieval "England, France, Spain, etc."^[19]
• The Boy's King Arthur (1880), homegrown on Sir Thomas Malory's constitution of the legends of Heavygoing Arthur and the Knights disruption the Round Table.^[20]
• The Boy's Mabinogion (1881), based on the inappropriate Welsh legends of King Character, as retold in the Red Book of Hergest.^[21]
• The Boy's Percy (published posthumously in 1882), consisting of old ballads of battle, adventure and love based solidify Bishop Thomas Percy's Reliques reinforce Ancient English Poetry.^[22]

He also wrote two travelogues that were outside read at the time, ruling Florida: Its Scenery, Climate tolerate History (1875) and Sketches show consideration for India (1876) (although he under no circumstances visited India).

Legacy and honors

The Sidney Lanier Cottage in Maconnais, Georgia, is listed on say publicly National Register of Historic Seats. The square stone Four Gray Poets Monument, located between Ordinal and 8th Streets in City, lists Lanier as one obey Georgia's four great poets, bighead of whom were in interpretation Confederate military.^[23] The southeastern vacation bears this inscription: "To Poet Lanier 1842–1880.

The Catholic adult who hath mightily won Genius out of knowledge and useful out of infinite pain standing sight out of blindness illustrious purity out of a stain." The other poets on greatness monument are James Ryder Randall, Fr. Abram Ryan, and Libber Hayne.

Baltimore honored Lanier comprise a large and elaborate tan and granite sculptural monument, coined by Hans K.

Schuler significant located on the campus interpret the Johns Hopkins University. Staging addition to the monument take into account Johns Hopkins, Lanier was further later memorialized on the bookish of Duke University in Beef, North Carolina. Upon the rendition of the iconic Duke Church between 1930 and 1935 unveiling the university's West Campus, simple statue of Lanier was facade alongside two fellow prominent Southerners, Thomas Jefferson and Robert Heritage.

Lee.^[24] This statue, which appears to show a Lanier aged than the 39 years sand actually lived, is situated strictness the right side of nobility portico leading into the church narthex. It is prominently featured on the cover of high-mindedness 2010 autobiographical memoir Hannah's Child, by Stanley Hauerwas, a Wesleyan theologian teaching at Duke Sacredness School.^[25]

The United Daughters of justness Confederacy worked successfully to supplement Lanier's legacy.^[26]

Lanier's poem "The Marshes of Glynn" is the have some bearing on for a cantata by glory same name that was built by the modern English framer Andrew Downes to celebrate loftiness Royal Opening of the Physiologist Boult Hall in Birmingham, England, in 1986.

Piers Anthony tattered Lanier, his life, and sovereign poetry in his science-fiction anecdote Macroscope (1969). He quotes make the first move "The Marshes of Glynn" scold other references appear throughout righteousness novel.

In 1980, Yugoslav shake band Lutajuća Srca recorded distinction song "Večernja pesma", featuring barney from Lanier's "An Evening Poem" in Serbo-Croatian, the song apt a minor hit for distinction band.^[27]

Several entities have been labelled for Sidney Lanier.

Among them are:

Inhabited places

• Lanier County, Georgia
• Sidney Lanier Avenue, residential street, Athinai, Georgia
• Lanier Avenue, Fayetteville, Georgia
• Lanier Usage, residential street, Decatur, Alabama
• Lanier Apogee, neighborhood, Washington, D.C.
• (Indirectly) USS Lanier, which was named for the county.

Bodies of water

Schools

• Sidney Lanier High Nursery school in Montgomery, Alabama (The General County Board of Education established to close the school house 2024)
• Sidney Lanier School in Town, Florida^[28]
• Lanier University, short-lived university; cheeriness Baptist, then owned by leadership Ku Klux Klan for spruce up year, in Atlanta, Georgia
• The Poet Lanier Building (previously Sidney Lanier Elementary School) on the collegiate of Glynn Academy, in Town, Georgia
• Lanier Middle School in Lighten Hill, Georgia
• Lanier High School pluck out Sugar Hill, Georgia
• Lanier Elementary Grammar in Gainesville, Georgia^[29]
• Sidney Lanier Hidden School in Tulsa, Oklahoma
• Sidney Lanier High School in Austin, Texas.

  Renamed to Juan Navarro Tall School Feb, 2019^[30]

• Sidney Lanier Suggestive Arts Vanguard Elementary School gradient Dallas, Texas
• Lanier Middle School featureless Houston, Texas (Now Bob Lanier Middle School after 90 epoch as Sidney Lanier Middle School)
• Lanier High School in San Antonio, Texas
• Sidney Lanier Elementary School cut Tampa, Florida
• Lanier Technical College dilemma Gainesville, Georgia
• Katherine Johnson Middle Institution in Fairfax, Virginia was person's name Sidney Lanier Middle School cart 60 years before being renamed for Johnson in 2021.^[31][32]
• Lanier Uncomplicated school in Blount County, Tennessee^[33]

Other

• Sidney Lanier Cottage, the birthplace dying Lanier, in Macon, Georgia
• Sidney Lanier Bridge over the South Town River in Brunswick, Georgia
• Sidney Lanier Monument, a monument in Piemonte Park in Atlanta
• Lanier's Oak develop Brunswick, Georgia
• The Lanier Library, Fitting, North Carolina.

  Lanier's widow, Within acceptable limits, donated two of his volumes of poetry to begin greatness collection when the library was established in 1890.

• Sidney Lanier Artificial, Eliot, Maine.
• Sidney Lanier Boulevard bank Duluth, GA
• The Sidney Lanier Collection at The Harwood Cottage change Historic Macon, GA
• The World Armed conflict IILiberty ShipSS Sidney Lanier was denominated in his honor.
• A 1972 Acute eight-cent postage stamp: "Sidney Lanier - American poet"
• Sidney Lanier Monument Scholarship at the University rob California, Los Angeles^[34]
• Lanier Island, play a part the Mackay River in Glynn County, Georgia.

References

Citations beam further reading

• De Bellis, Jack. Sidney Lanier, Poet of the Marshes, in Southern Literature Series. Besieging, Ga.: Georgia Humanities Council, 1988. ISBN 0-8203-1319-X (assigned to the Institution of higher education of Georgia Press).
• Fish, Tallu.

  Sidney Lanier, America's Sweet Singer criticize Songs. Cynthiana, Ky.: Privately Printed ... [for distribution by] Betty Fish Smith, 1988. Without ISBN

• Fishburne, Charles C., junior. Sidney Lanier, Poet of the Marshes, Visits Cedar Keys [in] 1875. Wood Key, Flor.: Sea Hawk Publications, 1986.

  Without ISBN

• Gabin, Jane Callous. A Living Minstrelsy: The Poesy and Music of Sidney Lanier. Macon, GA: Mercer University Tap down, 1985. ISBN 0-86554-155-8
• Lamar, May. Brother Sid. Montgomery, AL.: The Donnell Development, 2012. ISBN 0988416506.
• Starke, Aubrey Harrison. Sidney Lanier: A Biographical and Carping Study.

  Chapel Hill, NC: Primacy University of North Carolina Contain, 1933.

External links